Preface 4CC Acetoacetic Ester Condensation Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis Acyloin Condensation Addition Akabori Amino Acid Reactions Alder (see Diels-Alder Reaction) Alder (see Retro-Diels-Alder Reaction) Alder-Ene Reaction Aldol Reaction (Condensation) Algar-Flynn-Oyamada Reaction Allan-Robinson Reaction Allylic Rearrangements Aluminum Alkoxide Reduction (see Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley Reduction) Aluminum Alkoxide Reduction Amadori Rearrangement Amidine and Ortho Ester Synthesis Aniline Rearrangement Arbuzov (see Michaelis-Arbuzov Reaction) Arens-van Dorp Synthesis Arndt-Eistert Synthesis Auwers Synthesis Babayan (see Favorskii-Babayan Synthesis) Bachmann (see Gomberg-Bachmann Reaction) Bäcklund (see Ramberg-Bäcklund Reaction) Baeyer-Drewson Indigo Synthesis Baeyer-Villiger Reaction Baker-Venkataraman Rearrangement Bakshi (see Corey-Bakshi-Shibata Reduction) Balz-Schiemann Reaction Bamberger Rearrangement Bamford-Stevens Reaction Barbier(-type) Reaction Barbier-Wieland Degradation Bart Reaction Bartoli Indole Synthesis Barton-Kellogg Reaction Barton-McCombie Reaction Barton Decarboxylation Barton Deoxygenation Barton Olefin Synthesis Barton Reaction Barton-Zard Reaction Baudisch Reaction Bauer (see Haller-Bauer Reaction) Baumann (see Schotten-Baumann Reaction) Baylis-Hillman Reaction Béchamp Reduction Beckmann Fragmentation Beckmann Rearrangement Beckwith (see Dowd-Beckwith Ring Expansion Reaction) Belleau (see Fujimoto-Belleau Reaction) Bénary (see Feist-Bénary Synthesis) Bénary Reaction Benkeser Reduction Benzidine Rearrangement Benzil-Benzilic Acid Rearrangement Benzilic Acid Rearrangement Benzoin Condensation Bergius Process Bergman Reaction Bergmann Azlactone Peptide Synthesis Bergmann Degradation Bergmann-Zervas Carbobenzoxy Method Bergs (see Bucherer-Bergs Reaction) Bernthsen Acridine Synthesis Betti Reaction Beyer Method for Quinolines Biginelli Reaction Birch Reduction Bischler-Möhlau Indole Synthesis Bischler-Napieralski Reaction Blaise-Maire Reaction Blaise Ketone Synthesis Blaise Reaction Blanc (see Bouveault-Blanc Reduction) Blanc Reaction Blanc Reaction-Blanc Rule Bodroux-Chichibabin Aldehyde Synthesis Bodroux Reaction Bogert-Cook Synthesis Bohn-Schmidt Reaction Boord Olefin Synthesis Borodine Reaction Borsche-Drechsel Cyclization Böters (see Wolffenstein-Böters Reaction) Bouveault Aldehyde Synthesis Bouveault-Blanc Reduction Boyland-Sims Oxidation Bradsher Cycloaddition Bradsher Cyclization Bradsher Reaction Brook Rearrangement "Browning" Reaction Brunner (see Einhorn-Brunner Reaction) Bucherer-Bergs Reaction Bucherer Carbazole Synthesis Bucherer Reaction Büchi (see Paterno-Büchi Reaction) Buchner-Curtius-Schlotterbeck Reaction Buchner Method of Ring Enlargement Buchwald-Hartwig Cross Coupling Reaction Buttenberg (see Fritsch-Buttenberg-Wiechell Rearrangement) Cadiot-Chodkiewicz Coupling Campbell (see Hoch-Campbell Aziridine Synthesis) Camps Quinoline Synthesis Cannizzaro Reaction Carbylamine Reaction Carroll Rearrangement Castro Reaction Castro-Stephens Coupling CBS Chapman Rearrangement Chichibabin (see Bodroux-Chichibabin Aldehyde Synthesis) Chichibabin Pyridine Synthesis Chichibabin Reaction Chloromethylation (see Blanc Reaction) Chloromethylation Chodkiewicz (see Cadiot-Chodkiewicz Coupling) Chugaev Reaction Ciamician-Dennstedt Rearrangement Claisen (see Darzens-Claisen Reaction) Claisen Condensation Claisen Rearrangement Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Clarke (see Eschweiler-Clarke Reaction) Clemmensen Reduction Collins Oxidation Colman (see Gabriel-Colman Rearrangement) Combes Quinoline Synthesis Condensation Conia-Ene Reaction Conrad-Limpach Cyclization Contardi (see Körner-Contardi Reaction) Cook (see Bogert-Cook Synthesis) Cope Elimination Reaction Cope Rearrangement Corey-Bakshi-Shibata Reduction Corey-Kim Oxidation Corey-Winter Olefin Synthesis Cornforth Rearrangement Coumarin-Benzofuran Ring Contraction Crafts (see Friedel-Crafts Reaction) Craig Method Criegee Reaction Crum Brown-Walker Reaction Curtius (see Buchner-Curtius-Schlotterbeck Reaction) Curtius Reaction Curtius Rearrangement D-Homo Rearrangement of Steroids Dakin Reaction Dakin-West Reaction Darzens-Claisen Reaction Darzens Condensation Darzens-Nenitzescu Synthesis of Ketones Darzens Synthesis of Tetralin Derivatives Delépine Amine Synthesis Delépine Reaction de Mayo Reaction Demjanov (see Tiffeneau-Demjanov Rearrangement) Demjanov Rearrangement Dennstedt (see Ciamician-Dennstedt Rearrangement) Dess-Martin Oxidation Dieckmann Reaction Diels-Alder Reaction Dienone-Phenol Rearrangement Dimroth Rearrangement Doebner Modification Doebner-Miller Reaction Doebner Reaction Doering-LaFlamme Allene Synthesis Dötz Reaction Dowd-Beckwith Ring Expansion Reaction Drechsel (see Borsche-Drechsel Cyclization) Drewson (see Baeyer-Drewson Indigo Synthesis) Duff Reaction Duppa (see Frankland-Duppa Reaction) Dutt-Wormall Reaction Eastwood Deoxygenation Eastwood Reaction Edman Degradation Eglinton Reaction Ehrlich-Sachs Reaction Einhorn (see Tscherniac-Einhorn Reaction) Einhorn-Brunner Reaction Eistert (see Arndt-Eistert Synthesis) Elbs Persulfate Oxidation Elbs Reaction Emde Degradation Emmert Reaction Emmons (see Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons Reaction) Ene Reaction Erdmann (see Volhard-Erdmann Cyclization) Erlenmeyer-Plöchl Azlactone and Amino Acid Synthesis Eschenmoser-Claisen Rearrangement Eschenmoser-Tanabe Fragmentation Eschenmoser Coupling Reaction Eschenmoser Fragmentation Eschweiler-Clarke Reaction Étard Reaction Evans (see Mislow-Evans Rearrangement) Evans Aldol Reaction Exhaustive Methylation Favorskii-Babayan Synthesis Favorskii Rearrangement Feist-Bénary Synthesis Fenton (see Ruff-Fenton Degradation) Fenton Reaction Ferrier Rearrangement Finkelstein Reaction Fischer (see Houben-Fischer Synthesis) Fischer (see Kiliani-Fischer Synthesis) Fischer (see Grosheintz-Fischer-Reissert Aldehyde Synthesis) Fischer-Hepp Rearrangement Fischer Indole Synthesis Fischer Oxazole Synthesis Fischer Peptide Synthesis Fischer Phenylhydrazine Synthesis Fischer Phenylhydrazone and Osazone Reaction Fischer-Speier Esterification Method Fischer-Tropsch Syntheses Fittig (see Wurtz-Fittig Reaction) Flood Reaction Flynn (see Algar-Flynn-Oyamada Reaction) Forster Diazoketone Synthesis Forster Reaction Four-Component Condensation Franchimont Reaction Frankland-Duppa Reaction Frankland Synthesis Freund Reaction Freytag (see Hofmann-Löffler-Freytag Reaction) Friedel-Crafts Reaction Friedlaender Synthesis Fries Rearrangement Fritsch (see Pomeranz-Fritsch Reaction) Fritsch-Buttenberg-Wiechell Rearrangement Fujimoto-Belleau Reaction Gabriel Isoquinoline Synthesis Gabriel-Marckwald Ethylenimine Synthesis Gabriel-Colman Rearrangement Gabriel Ethylenimine Method Gabriel Synthesis Gams (see Pictet-Gams Isoquinoline Synthesis) Gattermann Reaction Gattermann Aldehyde Synthesis Gattermann-Koch Reaction Glaser Coupling Glycidic Ester Condensation Goldberg (see Jourdan-Ullmann-Goldberg Synthesis) Gomberg-Bachmann Reaction Gomberg Free Radical Reaction Gould-Jacobs Reaction Graebe-Ullmann Synthesis Griess Diazo Reaction Grignard Degradation Grignard Reaction Grob Fragmentation Grosheintz-Fischer-Reissert Aldehyde Synthesis Grundmann Aldehyde Synthesis Guareschi-Thorpe Condensation Guerbet Reaction Gustavson Reaction Gutknecht Pyrazine Synthesis Haack (see Vilsmeier-Haack Reaction) Haaf (see Koch-Haaf Carboxylations) Haller-Bauer Reaction Haloform Reaction Hammick Reaction Hantzsch Dihydropyridine Synthesis Hantzsch Pyrrole Synthesis Harries Ozonide Reaction Hartwig (see Buchwald-Hartwig Cross Coupling Reaction) Hass Cyclopropane Process Hauser (see Sommelet-Hauser Rearrangement) Haworth Methylation Haworth Phenanthrene Synthesis Hayashi Rearrangement Heck Reaction Helferich Method Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky Reaction Henkel Process Henkel Reaction Henry Reaction Hepp (see Fischer-Hepp Rearrangement) HERON Rearrangement Herz Reaction Heteroatom Rearrangements on Nitrogen Hilbert-Johnson Reaction Hillman (see Baylis-Hillman Reaction) Hinsberg Oxindole and Oxiquinoline Synthesis Hinsberg Sulfone Synthesis Hinsberg Synthesis of Thiophene Derivatives Hiyama (see Nozaki-Hiyama Coupling Reaction) Hoch-Campbell Aziridine Synthesis Hoesch (see Houben-Hoesch Reaction) Hofmann Degradation Hofmann Isonitrile Synthesis Hofmann-Löffler-Freytag Reaction Hofmann-Martius Rearrangement Hofmann Reaction Hofmann-Sand Reactions Hooker Reaction Horner Reaction Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons Reaction Hosomi-Sakurai Reaction Houben-Fischer Synthesis Houben-Hoesch Reaction Houdry Cracking Process Huang-Minlon Modification Hubert (see Pictet-Hubert Reaction) Hunsdiecker Reaction Hydroboration Reaction Hydroformylation Reaction Ireland-Claisen Rearrangement Irvine-Purdie Methylation Isler Modification Ivanov Reaction Jacobs (see Gould-Jacobs Reaction) Jacobsen Epoxidation Jacobsen Rearrangement Janovsky Reaction Japp-Klingemann Reaction Jauregg (see Wagner-Jauregg Reaction) Johnson (see Hilbert-Johnson Reaction) Johnson-Claisen Rearrangement Jones Oxidation Jourdan-Ullmann-Goldberg Synthesis Julia-Lythgoe Olefination Julia Olefination Kellogg (see Barton-Kellogg Reaction) Kendall-Mattox Reaction Khand (see Pauson-Khand Reaction) Kiliani-Fischer Synthesis Kim (see Corey-Kim Oxidation) Kindler (see Willgerodt-Kindler Reaction) Kishi (see Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi Reaction) Kishner (see Wolff-Kishner Reduction) Kishner Cyclopropane Synthesis Klingemann (see Japp-Klingemann Reaction) Knoevenagel (see Witt and Knoevenagel Diazotization Methods) Knoevenagel Condensation Knoop-Oesterlin Amino Acid Synthesis Knorr (see Koenigs-Knorr Synthesis) Knorr (see Paal-Knorr Pyrrole Synthesis) Knorr Pyrazole Synthesis Knorr Pyrrole Synthesis Knorr Quinoline Synthesis Koch (see Gattermann-Koch Reaction) Koch-Haaf Carboxylations Kochi Reaction Koenigs-Knorr Synthesis Kolbe Electrolytic Synthesis Kolbe-Schmitt Reaction Körner-Contardi Reaction Kostanecki Acylation Krafft Degradation Krapcho Decarbalkoxylation Kritschenko (see Petrenko-Kritschenko Piperidone Synthesis) Kröhnke Oxidation Kröhnke Pyridine Synthesis Kucherov Reaction Kuhn-Winterstein Reaction Ladenburg Rearrangement LaFlamme (see Doering-LaFlamme Allene Synthesis) Lebedev Process Lehmstedt-Tanasescu Reaction Lettré (see Westphalen-Lettré Rearrangement) Letts Nitrile Synthesis Leuckart-Wallach Reaction Leuckart (Leukart) Reaction Leuckart Thiophenol Reaction Lieben Iodoform Reaction Limpach (see Conrad-Limpach Cyclization) Lobry de Bruyn-van Ekenstein Transformation Löffler (see Hofmann-Löffler-Freytag Reaction) Lossen Rearrangement Lythgoe (see Julia-Lythgoe Olefination) Madelung Synthesis Maillard Reaction Maire (see Blaise-Maire Reaction) Malaprade Reaction Malonic Ester Syntheses Mannich Reaction Marckwald (see Gabriel-Marckwald Ethylenimine Synthesis) Marschalk Reaction Martin (see Dess-Martin Oxidation) Martinet Dioxindole Synthesis Martius (see Hofmann-Martius Rearrangement) Mattox (see Kendall-Mattox Reaction) McCombie (see Barton-McCombie Reaction) McFadyen-Stevens Reaction McLafferty Rearrangement McMurry Coupling Reaction Meerwein (see Wagner-Meerwein Rearrangement) Meerwein Arylation Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley Reduction Meisenheimer Rearrangements Menschutkin Reaction Merrifield Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis Methylenation Meyer Reaction Meyer-Schuster Rearrangement Meyer Synthesis Meyers Aldehyde Synthesis Michael (see Mukaiyama-Michael Reaction) Michael Reaction Michaelis-Arbuzov Reaction Miescher Degradation Mignonac Reaction Milas Hydroxylation of Olefins Miller (see Doebner-Miller Reaction) Minlon (see Huang-Minlon Modification) Mislow-Evans Rearrangement Mitsunobu Reaction Moffatt (see Pfitzner-Moffatt Oxidation) Moffatt Oxidation Moffatt-Swern Oxidation Möhlau (see Bischler-Möhlau Indole Synthesis) Moore Cyclization Moore Myers Cyclization Morgan-Walls Reaction Moser (see Wessely-Moser Rearrangement) Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction Mukaiyama-Michael Reaction Müller (see Schlittler-Müller Modification) Müller (see Sonn-Müller Method) Myers Cyclization Nagata Hydrocyanation Nametkin Rearrangement Napieralski (see Bischler-Napieralski Reaction) Natta (see Ziegler-Natta Polymerization) Nazarov Cyclization Reaction Neber Rearrangement Nef Reaction Nef Synthesis Negishi Cross Coupling Nencki Reaction Nenitzescu (see Darzens-Nenitzescu Synthesis of Ketones) Nenitzescu Indole Synthesis Nenitzescu Reductive Acylation Nicholas Reaction Niementowski Quinazoline Synthesis Niementowski Quinoline Synthesis Nierenstein Reaction Nitroaldol Reaction Nitrosamine Rearrangement Norrish Type Cleavage Noyori Hydrogenation Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi Reaction Nozaki-Hiyama Coupling Reaction Oesterlin (see Knoop-Oesterlin Amino Acid Synthesis) Olefination Olefin Metathesis Oppenauer Oxidation Overman Rearrangement Oxo Synthesis Oxo Process Oxy-Cope Rearrangement Oyamada (see Algar-Flynn-Oyamada Reaction) Ozonolysis Paal-Knorr Pyrrole Synthesis Parham Cyclization Passerini Reaction Paterno-Büchi Reaction Pauson-Khand Reaction Payne Rearrangement Pechmann Condensation Pechmann Pyrazole Synthesis Pellizzari Reaction Pelouze Synthesis Periodic Acid Oxidation Perkin Alicyclic Synthesis Perkin Reaction Perkin Rearrangement Perkow Reaction Peterson Reaction Petrenko-Kritschenko Piperidone Synthesis Pfau-Plattner Azulene Synthesis Pfitzinger Reaction Pfitzner-Moffatt Oxidation Phthalimidoacetic Ester -> Isoquinoline Rearrangement Pictet-Gams Isoquinoline Synthesis Pictet-Hubert Reaction Pictet-Spengler Isoquinoline Synthesis Piloty-Robinson Synthesis Pinacol Coupling Reaction Pinacol Rearrangement Pinner Reaction Pinner Triazine Synthesis Piria Reaction Plattner (see Pfau-Plattner Azulene Synthesis) Plöchl (see Erlenmeyer-Plöchl Azlactone and Amino Acid Synthesis) Polonovski Reaction Pomeranz-Fritsch Reaction Ponndorf (see Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley Reduction) Ponzio Reaction Potier-Polonovski Reaction Prévost Reaction Prilezhaev (Prileschajew) Reaction Prins Reaction Pschorr Reaction Pummerer Rearrangement Purdie Methylation Pyridine Synthesis Quelet Reaction Raecke Process Ramberg-Bäcklund Reaction Raschig Phenol Process Reed Reaction Reformatsky (Reformatskii) Reaction Reimer-Tiemann Reaction Reissert Indole Synthesis Reissert Reaction Reppe Chemistry Retro-Diels-Alder Reaction Retropinacol Rearrangement Reverdin Reaction Riehm Quinoline Synthesis Riemschneider Thiocarbamate Synthesis Riley Oxidations Ritter Reaction Robinson (see Allan-Robinson Reaction) Robinson (see Piloty-Robinson Synthesis) Robinson Annulation Robinson-Schöpf Reaction Rosenmund Reduction Rosenmund-von Braun Synthesis Rothemund Reaction Rubottom Oxidation Ruff-Fenton Degradation Rupe Rearrangement Ruzicka Large Ring Synthesis Sabatier-Senderens Reduction Sachs (see Ehrlich-Sachs Reaction) Saegusa Oxidation Sakurai Reaction Sand (see Hofmann-Sand Reactions) Sandmeyer Diphenylurea Isatin Synthesis Sandmeyer Isonitrosoacetanilide Isatin Synthesis Sandmeyer Reaction Sarett Oxidation Scheller Modification Schiemann Reaction Schiemann (see Balz-Schiemann Reaction) Schlittler-Müller Modification Schlotterbeck (see Buchner-Curtius-Schlotterbeck Reaction) Schmidt (see Bohn-Schmidt Reaction) Schmidt (see Claisen-Schmidt Condensation) Schmidt Reaction Schmitt (see Kolbe-Schmitt Reaction) Scholl Reaction Schöllkopf Bis-Lactim Amino Acid Synthesis Schöpf (see Robinson-Schöpf Reaction) Schotten-Baumann Reaction Schuster (see Meyer-Schuster Rearrangement) Selenium Dioxide Oxidation Semidine Rearrangement Semmler-Wolff Reaction Senderens (see Sabatier-Senderens Reduction) Serini Reaction Shapiro Reaction Sharpless Dihydroxylation Sharpless Epoxidation Sharpless Oxyamination Shibata (see Corey-Bakshi-Shibata Reduction) Shi Epoxidation Simmons-Smith Reaction Simonini Reaction Simonis Chromone Cyclization Sims (see Boyland-Sims Oxidation) Skraup Reaction Smiles Rearrangement Smith (see Simmons-Smith Reaction) Sommelet-Hauser Rearrangement Sommelet Reaction Sonn-Müller Method Sonogashira-Hagihara Coupling Sonogashira Coupling Speier (see Fischer-Speier Esterification Method) Spengler (see Pictet-Spengler Isoquinoline Synthesis) SPPS Staudinger Reaction Stephen Aldehyde Synthesis Stephens-Castro Coupling Stevens (see Bamford-Stevens Reaction) Stevens (see McFadyen-Stevens Reaction) Stevens Rearrangement Stieglitz Rearrangement Stille Coupling Stobbe Condensation Stoermer (see Widman-Stoermer Synthesis) Stollé Synthesis Stork (see Ueno-Stork Cyclization) Stork Enamine Reaction Strecker Amino Acid Synthesis Strecker Degradation Strecker Sulfite Alkylation Suarez Fragmentation Suarez Reaction Sugasawa Reaction Suhl (see Zincke-Suhl Reaction) Sulfide Contraction Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Suzuki Coupling Swarts Reaction Swern (see Moffatt-Swern Oxidation) Swern Oxidation Synthol Process Tafel Rearrangement Tanabe (see Eschenmoser-Tanabe Fragmentation) Tanasescu (see Lehmstedt-Tanasescu Reaction) Tebbe Olefination Thiele-Winter Acetoxylation Thiele Reaction Thorpe (see Guareschi-Thorpe Condensation) Thorpe-Ziegler Method Thorpe Reaction Tiemann (see Reimer-Tiemann Reaction) Tiemann Rearrangement Tiffeneau-Demjanov Rearrangement Tishchenko Reaction Traube Purine Synthesis Tropsch (see Fischer-Tropsch Syntheses) Trost Allylation Trost Desymmetrization Truce-Smiles Rearrangement Tscherniac-Einhorn Reaction Tschugaeff Olefin Synthesis Tsuji-Trost Reaction Twitchell Process Ueno-Stork Cyclization Ugi Reaction Ullmann (see Graebe-Ullmann Synthesis) Ullmann (see Jourdan-Ullmann-Goldberg Synthesis) Ullmann Reaction Ultee Cyanohydrin Method Urech Cyanohydrin Method Urech Hydantoin Synthesis van Dorp (see Arens-van Dorp Synthesis) van Ekenstein (see Lobry de Bruyn-van Ekenstein Transformation) Venkataraman (see Baker-Venkataraman Rearrangement) Verley (see Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley Reduction) Victor Meyer Synthesis Villiger (see Baeyer-Villiger Reaction) Vilsmeier-Haack Reaction Voight Amination Volhard (see Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky Reaction) Volhard-Erdmann Cyclization von Braun (see Rosenmund-von Braun Synthesis) von Braun Amide Degradation von Braun Reaction von Richter (Cinnoline) Synthesis von Richter Rearrangement Vorbrüggen Glycosylation Wacker Oxidation Wadsworth (see Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons Reaction) Wagner-Jauregg Reaction Wagner-Meerwein Rearrangement Walden Inversion Walker (see Crum Brown-Walker Reaction) Wallach (see Leuckart-Wallach Reaction) Wallach Degradation Wallach Rearrangement Walls (see Morgan-Walls Reaction) Weerman Degradation Weiss Reaction Wessely-Moser Rearrangement West (see Dakin-West Reaction) Westphalen-Lettré Rearrangement Wharton Reaction Whiting Reaction Wichterle Reaction Widman-Stoermer Synthesis Wiechell (see Fritsch-Buttenberg-Wiechell Rearrangement) Wieland (see Barbier-Wieland Degradation) Willgerodt-Kindler Reaction Williamson Synthesis Winter (see Corey-Winter Olefin Synthesis) Winter (see Thiele-Winter Acetoxylation) Winterstein (see Kuhn-Winterstein Reaction) Witt and Knoevenagel Diazotization Methods Wittig Reaction [1,2]-Wittig Rearrangement [2,3]-Wittig Rearrangement Wohl Degradation Wohl-Ziegler Reaction Wolff (see Semmler-Wolff Reaction) Wolff Aromatization Wolff-Kishner Reduction Wolff Rearrangement Wolff-Semmler Aromatization Wolffenstein-Böters Reaction Woodward cis-Hydroxylation Wormall (see Dutt-Wormall Reaction) Wurtz-Fittig Reaction Wurtz Reaction Zard (see Barton-Zard Reaction) Zelinsky (see Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky Reaction) Zemplén Modification Zervas (see Bergmann-Zervas Carbobenzoxy Method) Ziegler (see Wohl-Ziegler Reaction) Ziegler Method Ziegler-Natta Polymerization Zimmermann Reaction Zincke Disulfide Cleavage Zincke Nitration Zincke-Suhl Reaction